An Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) is a tax processing number issued by the IRS for individuals who need to file U.S. tax returns but aren't eligible for a Social Security Number. Whether you're applying yourself or helping clients as a tax professional, this guide covers the complete ITIN application process.
IRS Enrolled Agent & Certified Acceptance Agent since 2015. Has processed 2,000+ ITIN applications.
An Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) is a nine-digit tax processing number issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). It follows the format 9XX-XX-XXXX and always begins with the number 9.
ITINs are specifically designed for individuals who have federal tax reporting or filing requirements but do not qualify for a Social Security Number (SSN). This includes foreign nationals, non-resident aliens, dependents or spouses of U.S. citizens or residents, and certain visa holders.
Important: What an ITIN Is NOT
The ITIN ensures that people who aren't eligible for an SSN can still comply with U.S. tax laws. Whether you're filing a tax return, being claimed as a dependent, or receiving income from U.S. sources, an ITIN allows you to fulfill your tax obligations.
You may need an ITIN if you fall into one of these categories:
Non-resident aliens who must file a U.S. tax return but don't qualify for an SSN. This includes individuals with U.S.-sourced income such as rental income, investment income, or business income.
Foreign nationals who are claimed as dependents on a U.S. tax return. This commonly applies to children or spouses of U.S. citizens or residents who live abroad.
A non-resident alien spouse who elects to file jointly with a U.S. citizen or resident spouse needs an ITIN if they don't have an SSN.
Individuals claiming benefits under an income tax treaty between the U.S. and their home country may need an ITIN to reduce or eliminate U.S. tax withholding.
Foreign individuals required to provide an ITIN for third-party withholding purposes, such as interest or dividend income reported on Forms 1099.
The IRS offers three methods for applying for an ITIN. Each has its own advantages and drawbacks.
Submit your completed Form W-7, original or certified identity documents, and tax return to the IRS ITIN Operation in Austin, Texas.
Pros: No additional fees, straightforward process
Cons: Must mail original documents (risk of loss), 7-11 week processing time, no in-person support
Apply in person at an IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center. You must schedule an appointment in advance by calling the IRS.
Pros: Documents reviewed on-site, keep your originals
Cons: Limited TAC locations, appointments can be hard to get, long wait times during tax season
Work with an IRS-authorized Certified Acceptance Agent who is specially trained to help applicants with the ITIN process. CAAs authenticate documents on behalf of the IRS.
Pros: Keep your original documents, expert guidance throughout the process, documents pre-authenticated for potentially faster processing, assistance with form completion
Cons: Service fees apply (typically $50-150 per application)
A CAA is the safest, most convenient option for most applicants. You avoid the risk of losing original documents in the mail and get professional assistance to ensure your application is complete and accurate.
Learn more about Certified Acceptance Agents →The IRS requires specific documentation to prove both your identity and foreign status. All documents must be original or certified copies from the issuing agency (unless using a CAA, who can authenticate originals and submit copies).
A valid foreign passport is the ONLY document that can prove both identity and foreign status by itself. If you have a passport, submit only that document.
You must submit at least TWO of the following documents. At least one must contain a recent photograph:
Important Notes:
Follow these steps to successfully apply for your ITIN:
Fill out IRS Form W-7, Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number. This form collects your personal information and reason for applying. Be sure to select the correct reason code (a through h) that applies to your situation.
Complete guide to Form W-7 →Collect your original passport or at least two acceptable identity documents. If documents are in a foreign language, obtain certified translations. Make sure all documents are current and valid.
Decide whether to mail your application, visit an IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center, or work with a Certified Acceptance Agent. We recommend using a CAA for the safest and most convenient experience.
In most cases, you must attach a valid federal tax return to your Form W-7. Exceptions apply for certain dependents, treaty benefits, third-party withholding, and other specific situations. If you qualify for an exception, attach supporting documentation instead.
Send your completed Form W-7, supporting documents, and tax return (if required) using your chosen method:
Mailing Address:
Internal Revenue Service
ITIN Operation
P.O. Box 149342
Austin, TX 78714-9342
The IRS will review your application and issue your ITIN if approved. You'll receive your ITIN assignment letter by mail at the address listed on your Form W-7. Original documents will be returned separately within 60 days.
ITIN processing times vary depending on when you apply and the volume of applications the IRS is handling.
7-11 weeks
This is the typical timeframe for mail applications and IRS TAC submissions outside of tax season.
11+ weeks
During tax filing season, processing times can extend beyond the standard timeframe due to high application volume.
You can check your ITIN application status by calling the IRS toll-free at:
1-800-829-1040
Be prepared to provide your name, mailing address, and the date you submitted your application. Wait at least 7 weeks after mailing before calling.
Pro Tip: Plan Ahead
If you need an ITIN to file your tax return, apply as early as possible. Avoid applying during peak tax season (January-April) if you can. Starting your application in November or December can help you receive your ITIN before tax filing season begins.
Processing times vary. Mail applications typically take 7-11 weeks. Applications through a CAA may be processed faster since documents are pre-authenticated. During peak tax season (January-April), expect longer wait times.
You need a completed Form W-7, a federal tax return (unless you qualify for an exception), and original or certified copies of identity documents such as a passport, birth certificate, or national ID card.
No. The IRS does not accept online ITIN applications. You must either mail Form W-7, apply in person at an IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center, or use a Certified Acceptance Agent (CAA).
Using a Certified Acceptance Agent (CAA) is typically the easiest option. A CAA handles the paperwork, verifies your documents on-site, and lets you keep your original identity documents instead of mailing them to the IRS.
ITINs that have not been used on a federal tax return for three consecutive years expire. ITINs with middle digits 70-88 have already been renewed under the IRS renewal program. Check with the IRS if yours needs renewal.
Line-by-line guide to completing IRS Form W-7 for ITIN applications. Covers required fields, supporting documents, common mistakes, and how to avoid rejections.
Read guideA Certified Acceptance Agent (CAA) is authorized by the IRS to verify identity documents for ITIN applications. Learn what CAAs do, why they matter, and who becomes one.
Read guideComplete step-by-step guide to becoming an IRS Certified Acceptance Agent. Covers eligibility, training requirements, application process, and timeline.
Read guideComplete your training in 2-3 hours. Physical certificate mailed in 5 business days. 100% IRS acceptance guaranteed.
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